Posts

Showing posts from July, 2019

Cold Work Die Steel - D2 Steel

Image
It is well known that cold work die steel refers to a die steel used to deform or shape a metal in a cold state. Cold work die steel is widely used in our daily life and there are many tools that need to be used. Here I will talk about one of the models in the cold work die steel - D2 steel. D2 is a tool steel. It is a kind of semi-stainless steel. D2 steel has good wear resistance and moderate toughness. The disadvantage is that the corrosion resistance is slightly insufficient, which is a kind of steel suitable for practical use. D2 steel is highly wear-resistant, micro-deformed cold work die steel, wind hard tool steel. D2 steel can be used to make cold work die steel with a large section, complex shape, high impact force and high wear resistance, such as silicon steel sheet die, cold cut scissors, trimming die, etc.D2 internationally widely used high carbon high chromium cold work die steel, is Leysite steel with high hardenability, hardenability and high wear resistance; high t...

The Liquid Metal

Image
Liquid metal refers to an amorphous metal, which can be regarded as a mixture of positive ion fluid and a free electron gas. Liquid metal is also an amorphous, flowable liquid metal. It not only has the original advantages of traditional metal materials: high hardness, high strength, high temperature resistance and so on. At the same time, it also has the superiority of non-metallic materials: such as elasticity, flexibility and corrosion resistance, so it is also called "metal glass". The structural properties of liquid metal materials are: 1.Wear resistance. The AMC hardness can be maintained at 50 to 74 HRC, while the coefficient of friction is only 0.09. Due to the disappearance of the grain boundary, the traditional metal material is transformed into a single atomic structure, so that the distance between the atom and the atom is increased, and the elasticity and toughness are improved. When in the environment of rolling wear and impact wear, the distance between the...

Several typical defect forms of stainless steel plate

Image
Stainless steel plate refers to a steel plate with a thickness of 4 to 25.0 mm. Thick plates with a thickness of 25.0~100.0mm are called thick plates, and thick plates with a thickness of more than 100.0mm are extra thick plates. It is widely used in the production of various containers, furnace shells, furnace plates, bridges and automotive static steel plates, low alloy steel plates, bridge steel plates, steel plates, boiler steel plates, pressure vessel steel plates, pattern steel plates, automotive beam steel plates, tractors. Certain parts and welded components. During the use of stainless steel plate, it should be paid attention to the occurrence of defects. Small longitudinal cracks, peak cracks, edge cracks, inclusions and crusting on the surface of the steel plate will affect the surface quality, resulting in a change of judgment, resulting in a decline in product quality. The following focuses on the typical forms of several defects: 1.Small longitudinal crack. The small l...

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure and Properties of Steel(2)

Image
The importance of rare earth elements can be imagined. I also mentioned a part in the last article, so here I will finish the rest about the influence of rare earth on the organization and properties of steel. I hope everyone can read and give an evaluation. 1. Rare earth can improve the strength, plasticity and toughness of cast steel. If the cast steel grain structure is coarse, the grain can be refined by adding rare earth. It can improve the yield strength, toughness and plasticity of cast steel.  2. Rare earth improves the wear resistance of cast steel. The addition of rare earth reduces the precipitation of coarse carbides during crystallization, which improves the wear resistance of the cast steel. The rare earth refines the as-cast structure, improves the hardness and work hardening ability of the steel, reduces the as-cast looseness, and makes the inclusions in the steel less, smaller, and spheroidized. These are all possible reasons why rare earths improve the we...

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure and Properties of Steel(1)

Image
As we all know, the development of the rare earth element has made great progress. It plays an important role in all fields. And let us talk about the performance impact of the rare earth elements in steel. 1. The rare earth element can improve the fatigue performance of steel. The metamorphism of rare earth on oxidized inclusions (such as AL2O3) leads to the formation of rare earth inclusions such as REAlO3 and RE2O2S. They will cause an increase in the fatigue life of certain steels, such as silicon manganese spring steel, 40MmB steel and 25 MntiB gear steel. The extent of the increase will vary depending on the loading conditions, the strength of the steel, the number and size of the inclusions. 2. Improve the cutting performance of free-cutting steel. In free-cutting steels such as 20 CrRES, 20 CrMnTire and lCrl8Ni9RES. Due to the formation of more rare earth inclusions and wrapped composite rare earth inclusions, the number of hard spots present alone is greatly reduced. At th...

Microalloying of rare earth in steel

Image
Since the atomic radius of a rare earth metal is very different from the atomic radius of an industrial metal. The solid solubility of rare earth metals in iron liquid is very small, and it is difficult to form a solid solution. Therefore, the alloying effect is extremely poor. However, in the rare earth alloy steel , since the rare earth is mainly segregated at the grain boundary, the structure, chemical composition and properties of the grain boundary are changed. It also affects the diffusion of other elements and the nucleation and growth of new phases, which leads to changes in the microstructure and properties of steel. This change is considered to be the microalloying of rare earths. Let's divide the class. (1)Solid solubility and solid solution strengthening It can be seen from the phase diagram of the rare iron phase that the rare earth element is mutually soluble in the iron liquid and the iron atom. However, its partition coefficient in iron-based solid solution is e...

The role of rare earth in steel

Image
Rare earth elements are a general term for 17 special elements. It is named because the Swedish scientists applied rare earth compounds when extracting rare earth elements, so they are named rare earth elements. Due to the variety of rare earth elements, they also have different roles in steel. It can be roughly divided into the following types: purification, metamorphism, grain refinement and microalloying. (1)Purification The purification of rare earth in steel is mainly manifested in the deep reduction of oxygen and sulfur content. Reduce the harmful effects of low melting point elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, hydrogen, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, lead and tin. The chemical properties of rare earth metals are unusually active. At the temperature of the molten steel (1550-1600), it acts with harmful impurities such as oxygen and sulfur. A compound having a small density and a high melting point is formed and removed from the molten steel, resulting in a decrease in the conten...

The role of alloying elements (Cobalt(Co), Manganese(Mn), Phosphorus(P), Rare earth (Re))

Image
It is precise because of the variety of elements, and the existence of various forms. Therefore, their role in steel is also variable. Let us finally explore the remaining alloying elements. (1)Cobalt(Co) Cobalt often uses in the special steel and alloy. The cobalt containing high-speed steel has high high-temperature hardness. Simultaneous addition of molybdenum to maraging steel. It can get an ultra high hardness and good overall mechanical properties. In addition, cobalt is also an important alloying element in heat-strength steel and magnetic materials. Cobalt can reduce hardenability of steel. Therefore, adding cobalt alone to carbon steel will reduce the overall mechanical properties after quenching and tempering. Cobalt can strengthen ferrite. Adding to carbon steel can improve the hardness of steel, yield point and tensile strength under an annealed or normalized state. However, it has an adverse effect on the elongation and the reduction of the area, and the impact toughn...

The role of alloying elements (Aluminum(Al), Boron(B), Copper(Cu), Sulfur(S))

Image
Although the alloying elements are very small, they can determine the type and characteristics of the steel that people produce. It can make a difference between steel and steel. Then let's explore the following elements. (1)Aluminum(Al) Aluminum is mainly used to deoxidize and refine grains. In the nitriding steel, a hard and corrosion resistant nitriding a layer is formed. Aluminum can suppress the aging of low carbon steel and improve the toughness of steel at a low temperatures. When the aluminum content is high, the oxidation resistance of the steel and the corrosion resistance in the oxidizing acid and the H2S gas can be improved. And it can improve the electrical and magnetic properties of the steel. Aluminum has a large solid solution strengthening effect in steel, which improve the wear resistance, fatigue strength and core mechanical properties of carburized steel. In the difficult alloy, aluminum and nickel form a compound. Thereby improving the smelting strength. T...

The role of alloying elements(Niobium/Columbium(Nb/Cb), Zirconium(Zr), Silicon(Si), Nitrogen(N))

Image
There are many types of alloying elements. Although they are similar, many different places that can make incredible changes in steel. Let's take a look Niobium/Columbium, zirconium, silicon and nitrogen. (1)Niobium/Columbium(Nb/Cb) Niobium and Columbium are often symbiotic with Tantalum, and their role in steel is similar. The Niobium and Tantalum are partially dissolved in the solid solution to form a solid solution strengthening effect. When the austenite is dissolved, the hardenability of the steel is remarkably improved. However, in the form of carbides and oxide particles, the grains are refined and the hardenability of the steel is lowered. It can increase the tempering stability of steel and has a secondary hardening effect.A small amount of niobium can increase the strength of the steel without affecting the ductility or toughness of the steel. Due to the effect of refining the grains, the impact toughness of the steel can be improved and the brittle transition temperat...

The role of alloying elements(Tungsten(W), Vanadium(V), Titanium(Ti))

Image
In this article, let's take a look at what is the role of tungsten, vanadium and titanium in steel. (1)Tungsten(W) In addition to form carbides in the steel, tungsten is partially dissolved in iron to form a solid solution. Its effect is similar to that of molybdenum. But the general effect is not as significant as molybdenum by a mass fraction. Tungsten mainly increases tempering stability, red hardness, heat strength and increased wear resistance due to the formation of carbides in steel. Therefore, it is mainly used for tool steel, such as high-speed steel, steel for hot forging die, and the like. Tungsten forms refractory carbides in high-quality spring steel. When tempering at a higher temperature, it can alleviate the aggregation process of carbides and maintain  high-temperature strength. Tungsten also reduces the heat sensitivity of steel, increases hardenability and increases hardness. 65SiMnWA spring steel has high hardness after air-cooling and the spring steel with...

The role of alloying elements(Chromium(Cr), Nickel(Ni), Molybdenum(Mo))

Image
In order to make better and improve certain properties of steel and to achieve certain special properties. The elements that are intentionally added during the smelting process are called alloying elements. Commonly used alloying elements are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, cobalt, silicon, manganese, aluminum, copper, boron, rare earth, etc. Phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, etc. also act as alloys in some cases. Let us talk about some of them. (1)Chromium(Cr) Chromium can increase the hardenability of steel and has a secondary hardening effect, which can improve the hardness and wear resistance of carbon steel, so that the steel does not become brittle. When the content exceeds 12%, the steel has good high-temperature oxidation resistance and oxidation resistance, and also increases the thermal strength of the steel. Chromium is the main alloying element of stainless steel acid-resistant steel and heat-resistant steel. Chromium can incr...